Sex-specific interaction between APOE genotype and carbohydrate intake affects plasma HDL-C levels: the Strong Heart Family Study

Table 1 Characteristics of Strong Heart Family participants

Trait	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	P value^e
Age (years)	39.5 (1.3)	40.1 (1.2)	0.60
BMI^a	32.9 (1.0)	34.1 (0.9)	0.027
BF^b (%)	31.2 (1.1)	43.3 (1.1)	<0.001
FG (mg/dl)	123.2 (5.2)	125.8 (5.0)	0.72
FI (mIU/l)	26.9 (3.3)	28.4 (3.2)	0.075
Diabetes status
Diabetic (%)	20.7	24.9	0.052
IGT (%)	9.9	6.7	0.073
Lipids
TC (mg/dl)	180.9 (3.4)	174.0 (3.3)	0.008
HDL (mg/dl)	42.0 (1.5)	45.2 (1.5)	<0.001
HDL/AHA^c
<40 (%)	54.8	44.6	0.075
41–59 (%)	36.6	43.6	0.095
>60 (%)	8.6	11.8	0.26
LDL (mg/dl)	117.1 (2.4)	109.1 (2.2)	<0.001
TG (mg/dl)	136.6 (5.3)	123.0 (4.9)	0.029
APOA-1 (mg/dl)	1.3 (0.03)	1.37 (0.03)	<0.001
Dietary^d
Total (Kcal)	2,303.6 (58.7)	1,899.1(52.5)	<0.001
Carb (%)	50.3 (0.9)	52.8 (0.8)	0.005
Prot (%)	14.4 (0.3)	13.9 (0.3)	0.65
Fat (%)	34.2 (0.7)	33.9 (0.7)	0.24

^aBMI = kg/m²
^bBF = body fat (% of body composition)
^cHDL-AHA = risk categories % of population
^dDietary traits = percent of total daily caloric intake
^e P values were determined using generalized linear mixed models (continuous outcomes) and generalized estimating equations (categorical outcomes), which controlled for the correlation among members in the same pedigrees
FG = fasting glucose, FI = fasting insulin—% of sample, Diabetes status = diabetes and IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) % of population

ISSN: 1865-3499