Fig. 1
From: Estrogens, phytoestrogens and colorectal neoproliferative lesions
Estrogen receptors genomic pathway. Estrogens (E2) enter the cell by diffusion and bind to specific receptor proteins (ERs). Upon estrogen binding, ERs either bind effectively to DNA elements of their target genes or activate other genes through the interaction with AP-1 site. In both cases, ERs activate transcription, protein synthesis and finally several biological effects. ERE estrogen response element, AP-1 activator protein 1