Table 3 List of non-retained compounds for stone fruit
From: Food intake biomarkers for apple, pear, and stone fruit
Food item | Compound | PhytoHub ID | HMDB ID | Biofluid | Reasons for exclusion | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cherry | Cyanidin 3-rutoside, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucosylrutinoside | PHUB000504 PHUB000503 PHUB001606 | HMDB0031458 HMDB0030684 HMDB0037988 | Plasma, urine | Common to many anthocyanin-rich foods; very low concentrations even after acute intake; very transient increase (< 2 h) | [79] |
Cherry | 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin | PHUB001884 | HMDB0041815 | Urine | Main metabolite of melatonin; common to all melatonin-rich foods. Also endogenous origin, affected by many factors (age, BMI, smoking…) | |
Cherry | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | PHUB001475 | HMDB00763 | Urine | Main metabolite of serotonin; common to all serotonin-containing foods such as banana, pineapple, and walnut; also endogenous origin | [88] |
Plum | Anthocyanins: peonidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-rutoside, cyanidin monoglucuronide | PHUB001257; PHUB001296; | HMDB13689 | Urine | Present in other berries, drupes, and red wine. Very low concentration and short half-life | [96] |
Plum | Hippuric acid | PHUB001174 | HMDB00714 | Urine | Very common metabolite of polyphenols with many possible origins; not specific | [96] |
Plum | Caffeic acid | PHUB000574 | HMDB01964 | Plasma, urine | Widely distributed in plant foods; not specific | [92] |
Plum | 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furoic acid, (5-carboxylic acid-2-furoyl)glycine | PHUB001892 PHUB001894 | – | Plasma, urine | Metabolites of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), also present in coffee, dried fruit, fruit juices and honey | [93] |
Cherry | Hydroxycinnamic acids: caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid | PHUB000574 PHUB000608 PHUB000316 | HMDB0001964 HMDB0000954 HMDB0000484 | Plasma | Widely distributed in plant foods; not specific | [97] |