Table 2 Clinical and metabolic characteristics and dietary intake by Nod1 and Nod2 genotypes^1,2

Age (years)

22.8 ± 0.1

22.3 ± 0.1

22.5 ± 0.3

0.08

22.9 ± 0.1

22.8 ± 0.2

0.59

Gender (% female)

70.7

67.9

67.7

0.63

53.4

60.1

0.15

BMI (kg/m²)

22.7 ± 0.1

22.5 ± 0.2

22.3 ± 0.3

0.43

23.2 ± 0.2

23.4 ± 0.3

0.54

Smoking status (%)

 Never

83.1

85.7

88.2

86.4

76.8

 Past

9.8

7.0

8.6

7.1

9.5

 Present

7.1

7.3

3.2

0.36

6.5

13.7

0.01

Physical activity (MET·h/week)

7.7 ± 0.1

7.7 ± 0.2

7.3 ± 0.3

0.55

8.2 ± 0.2

7.8 ± 0.2

0.21

Waist circumference (cm)

74.1 ± 0.5

73.9 ± 0.5

73.2 ± 0.9

0.68

76.6 ± 0.6

76.0 ± 0.8

0.66

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

113.5 ± 0.6

115.1 ± 0.6

113.3 ± 1.2

0.07

117.5 ± 1.06

116.9 ± 1.2

0.56

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

68.5 ± 0.4

69.7 ± 0.4

68.6 ± 0.8

0.08

69.6 ± 0.7

69.6 ± 0.9

0.97

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.3 ± 0.04^a

4.2 ± 0.04^b

4.1 ± 0.08^b

0.004

4.1 ± 0.07

4.0 ± 0.08

0.39

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.3 ± 0.03^a

2.2 ± 0.03^b

2.1 ± 0.07^b

0.003

2.2 ± 0.06

2.1 ± 0.07

0.13

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.5 ± 0.02

1.5 ± 0.02

1.5 ± 0.04

0.26

1.4 ± 0.03

1.4 ± 0.04

0.46

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.95 ± 0.02

0.98 ± 0.02

0.95 ± 0.05

0.79

0.94 ± 0.04

0.96 ± 0.05

0.60

Free fatty acids (μmol/L)

477.8 ± 13.3

470.0 ± 13.5

465.7 ± 25.8

0.79

442.8 ± 23.2

462.0 ± 26.9

0.34

hs-CRP (mg/L)⁴

0.4 ± 0.7

0.3 ± 0.7

0.3 ± 0.7

0.15

0.4 ± 0.6

0.3 ± 0.6

0.21

Glucose (mmol/L)

4.8 ± 0.02

4.8 ± 0.02

4.8 ± 0.04

0.44

4.8 ± 0.03

4.9 ± 0.04

0.29

Insulin (pmol/L)

50.5 ± 1.5

51.6 ± 1.5

55.8 ± 2.9

0.59

53.4 ± 2.7

54.5 ± 3.1

0.90

HOMA-IR

1.5 ± 0.05

1.6 ± 0.05

1.7 ± 0.09

0.53

1.6 ± 0.08

1.7 ± 0.1

0.78

HOMA-β

116.4 ± 3.8

115.2 ± 3.8

131.1 ± 7.3

0.32

115.5 ± 6.9

117.4 ± 8.0

0.65

Family history diabetes (%)

11.5

11.5

19.3

0.09

13.6

12.5

0.74

Energy intake (kcal)

1915 ± 29.3

1989 ± 31.0

1941 ± 66.3

0.22

2035 ± 36.9

2099 ± 51.2

0.31

Total fat (% energy)

30.0 ± 0.3

29.5 ± 0.3

29.2 ± 0.7

0.30

29.6 ± 0.4

30.8 ± 0.5

0.08

SFA (% energy)

9.8 ± 0.1

9.5 ± 0.1

9.2 ± 0.3

0.06

9.6 ± 0.1

10.0 ± 0.2

0.07

MUFA (% energy)

11.8 ± 0.2

11.5 ± 0.2

11.8 ± 0.4

0.35

11.8 ± 0.2

12.2 ± 0.3

0.23

PUFA (% energy)

5.6 ± 0.08

5.6 ± 0.08

5.4 ± 0.2

0.64

5.5 ± 0.1

5.8 ± 0.1

0.15

Cholesterol (mg/d)

241.4 ± 5.9

253.7 ± 6.3

250.1 ± 13.5

0.36

241.3 ± 7.8

256.3 ± 10.8

0.26

Carbohydrates (% energy)

52.9 ± 0.4

53.2 ± 0.4

53.7 ± 0.85

0.72

53.4 ± 0.5

52.3 ± 0.7

0.17

Fibre (g/100 g carbohydrates)

9.1 ± 0.1

8.9 ± 0.2

8.9 ± 0.3

0.58

9.1 ± 0.2

9.3 ± 0.2

0.52

Protein (% energy)

17.1 ± 0.2

17.5 ± 0.2

17.4 ± 0.4

0.28

16.8 ± 0.2

16.8 ± 0.3

0.87

Alcohol (g/d)

6.0 ± 0.4^a

5.2 ± 0.4^b

5.5 ± 0.95^a,b

0.048

6.7 ± 0.6

8.1 ± 0.8

0.03