Table 2 Processes of phenotypic flexibility modulated by OLTT
From: Phenotypic flexibility as a measure of health: the optimal nutritional stress response test
Organ system | Process | Direction (↑, ↓, –) | Disturbed |
|---|---|---|---|
Gut | Incretin production | (GIP) ↑ (GLP-1) ↓ | NASH, MetS |
Gut-mediated inflammation | – | Obesity, T2DM, IGT | |
Adipose tissue | Lipolysis | ↑ | Obesity, MetS, NASH |
Adipokine production | ↑ | NASH, obesity | |
Systemic stress | Insulin sensitivity | – | |
Oxidative stress | ↑ | NASH, obesity | |
Nitrosative stress | ↑ | T2DM | |
Inflammation | – | MetS | |
Metabolic flexibility | ↑ | MetS, obesity | |
Liver | Lipoprotein production | ↑ | NASH, T2DM, obesity, IGT |
Hepatic injury control | ↑ | NASH | |
Vasculature | Blood pressure regulation | ↓ | Obesity |
Adhesion | ↑ | T2DM | |
Vascular flexibility | ↓ | T2DM | |
Pancreas | Insulin secretion | ↑a | MetS, obesity |