Table 1 Characteristic and biochemical parameters of study subjects

Age (years)

42.0 ± 2.8

42.4 ± 6.0

11.9 ± 3.8

10.1 ± 2.0

BMI (kg/m²)

24.8 ± 1.3

23.5 ± 3.4

–

–

BMI percentile

–

–

48.9 ± 32.7

52.1 ± 29.8

TC (mmol/L)

4.70 ± 0.61

4.67 ± 0.55

4.35 ± 0.53

4.15 ± 0.48

HDL-C (mmol/L)¹

1.36 ± 0.33

1.73 ± 0.35

1.56 ± 0.28

1.54 ± 0.31

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.83 ± 0.67

2.53 ± 0.49

2.36 ± 0.42

2.20 ± 0.52

ApoB100 (g/L)

0.89 ± 0.22

0.77 ± 0.11

0.72 ± 0.12

0.67 ± 0.15

TG (mmol/L)

1.13 ± 0.35

0.88 ± 0.34

0.94 ± 0.39

0.89 ± 0.41

Total carotenoids (μmol/L)

5.77 ± 2.93

6.57 ± 2.23

5.88 ± 2.37

5.30 ± 1.09