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Fig. 1 | Genes & Nutrition

Fig. 1

From: Causal associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with functional gastrointestinal disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

Fig. 1

The flow diagram of the Mendelian randomization (MR) study. I The genetic instrumental variables (IVs) are strongly associated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D(HydroVD) and vitamin D. II The genetic IVs do not affect the outcome through the confounders. III The genetic IVs do not affect functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) directly, but only via indirect exposure

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Genes & Nutrition

ISSN: 1865-3499

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