The impact of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes management: boosting PTP1B gene expression and physical activity benefits in rats

Table 2 Comparison of mean ± SD of body weight, FI, and BMI before and after intervention

Variables	D + AT + Vit D	D + AT	D + Vit D	D + C	NC	p-value^a
Body weight (g)
Before	305.70 ± 2.90	308.10 ± 2.80	303.80 ± 2.78	304.70 ± 1.88	207.60 ± 3.80	0.001^¥
After	250.50 ± 5.79	263.80 ± 2.78	286 ± 3.19	322.90 ± 3.60	213.50 ± 4.35
Δ	− 55.20 ± 2.89α¥€£	− 44.30 ± 0.02¥€£	− 17.80 ± 0.41€£	− 18.20 ± 1.72£	5.90 ± 0.55
P†	0.001*	0.001*	0.001*	0.001*	0.009*
FI (g/day)
Before	15.17 ± 0.026	15.30 ± 0.029	15.14 ± 0.018	15.18 ± 0.024	14.64 ± 0.048
After	15.11 ± 0.024	15.23 ± 0.033	15.11 ± 0.025	15.61 ± 0.045	14.70 ± 0.030	0.002¥
Δ	− 0.06 ± 0.02€£	− 0.07 ± 0.04€£	− 0.03 ± 0.07€£	0.7 ± 0.01£	0.06 ± 0.018
P†	0.002*	0.002*	0.002*	0.001*	0.023*
BMI (kg/m²)
Before	0.74 ± 0.033	0.76 ± 0.019	0.77 ± 0.021	0.76 ± 0.030	0.52 ± 0.016	0.011¥
After	0.61 ± 0.015	0.65 ± 0.011	0.71 ± 0.026	0.80 ± 0.016	0.53 ± 0.014
Δ	− 0.13 ± 0.018α¥€£	− 0.11 ± 0.008^¥€£	− 0.06 ± 0.005€£	0.04 ± 0.014	0.01 ± 0.002
P†	0.001*	0.001*	0.005*	0.006*	0.013*

D + AT + Vit D Diabetic + aerobic training + vitamin D supplement, D + AT Diabetic + aerobic training, D + Vit D Diabetic + vitamin D supplement, D + C Diabetic + control, NC Nondiabetic control
^*Data analysis was done by the analysis of one-way analysis of variance test followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. P†Statistical analysis was done by paired sample t-test. *Significantly different in comparison pre- and post within the groups. ¥Significantly different comparing Δ between groups
αSignificantly different compared to AT. ¥Significantly different compared to vit D. €Significantly different compared to C. £Significantly different compared to NC

ISSN: 1865-3499